Molecule Library

Simplest chiral amino acid with a methyl side chain. Abundant in proteins and key in the glucose-alanine cycle.

Branched-chain amino acid with an isopropyl side chain. Important for muscle metabolism and tissue repair.

Essential branched-chain amino acid that directly stimulates mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) protein synthesis.

Isomer of leucine with two stereocenters. Essential for hemoglobin synthesis and energy regulation.

Unique cyclic amino acid with a secondary amine (imino acid). Induces bends and kinks in protein alpha-helices.

Highly hydrophobic aromatic amino acid containing a benzyl side chain; precursor to tyrosine and neurotransmitters.

Sulfur-containing essential amino acid; universal initiating amino acid in eukaryotic protein synthesis (AUG codon).

Largest amino acid with a bicyclic indole ring. Exhibits intrinsic protein fluorescence and serves as serotonin precursor.

Smallest amino acid with a single hydrogen atom side chain; only achiral amino acid, providing immense peptide backbone flexibility.

Contains a reactive thiol (-SH) group capable of forming covalent disulfide bonds crucial for protein tertiary structure.

Polar amino acid with a primary alcohol; frequently phosphorylated in cell signaling and present in catalytic triads.

Contains a secondary alcohol and two stereocenters. Major site of O-linked glycosylation and phosphorylation.

Aromatic amino acid with a phenolic hydroxyl group. Target for receptor tyrosine kinases and precursor to catecholamines.

Carboxamide-bearing derivative of aspartate; primary consensus site for N-linked glycosylation (Asn-X-Ser/Thr).

Most abundant free amino acid in human blood. Key nitrogen donor for purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis.

Basic amino acid with a flexible butylamino side chain; carries positive charge at pH 7.4. Major histone methylation site.

Highly basic amino acid with a resonance-stabilized guanidinium group (pKa ~12.5), consistently protonated at physiological pH.

Aromatic imidazole side chain with near-neutral pKa (~6.0); acts as versatile general acid-base catalyst in enzymes.

Dicarboxylic amino acid; fully deprotonated as aspartate at physiological pH. Critical for coordinating catalytic metal cations.

Carboxylate side chain acting as major excitatory neurotransmitter (glutamate) in the central nervous system.

Essential polycyclic amphipathic sterol modulating eukaryotic plasma membrane fluidity and steroid precursor.

Major phospholipid component of pulmonary surfactant preventing alveolar collapse during respiration.

16-carbon saturated fatty acid; first fatty acid produced during lipogenesis in animals.

Primary hexose monosaccharide and energy currency of cellular glycolysis and respiration.

Aldopentose sugar forming the central structural backbone of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and ATP.

Non-reducing disaccharide composed of alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose linked by an alpha-1,2-glycosidic bond.

Small seed storage plant protein from Crambe abyssinica. High-resolution benchmark model containing 3 disulfide bonds.

Beta-barrel protein from Aequorea victoria exhibiting bioluminescent green fluorescence via an autocatalytic Ser65-Tyr66-Gly67 chromophore.

Essential peptide hormone regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism, composed of A and B chains linked by two interchain disulfide bonds.